SAPO: South African Plant Improvement Organization - Pathology: Viral and Bacterial Diseases of Grapes, Stone- and Pome Fruit

C U L T I V A R D A T A B A S E

R O O T S T O C K S

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Cultivar

GF 677 Clonal	SAPO 778 Clonal	Viking Clonal	Kakamas seedling
	Flordaguard Clonal	Apricot seedling

View details on stone fruit rootstocks - compatibility, growth, fertility, recommended soil types and characteristics.

Apples	Pome Fruit
Cultivar	Vigor (% of standard)	Characteristics	Utilization of Rootstock	General comments
MM109	100 - 110%	Precocious and high production	Wide adaptability Low to medium potential soils and warmer areas	Recommended for spur type - poor soils and replant sites
M25	80 - 100%	Very precocious and high production	Low to medium potential soils	Good tree structure for light penetration Recommended for medium to poor soils and replant sites Can get collar rot in poorly drained soils Collar rot is controllable with chemical treatment
M793	80 - 90%	Precocious and high production	Wide adaptability	Recommended for a wide range of soils and cultivars
MM106	60 - 70%	Very precocious and high production	Medium to high potential soils	Produces flat crotch angles Give good fruit size Can get collar rot in poorly drained soils Collar rot is controllable with chemical treatment
M7	60%	Precocious and high production	Wide adaptability Not for spur types	Resistant to collar rot Produce flat crotch angles
M26	40 - 50%	Precocious and high production	High potential soils and colder climates	Produces burr knots Sunburn can be a problem in weak growing conditions
M9	30%	Very precocious and high production	High potential soils - colder climates and vigorous	Produces flat crotch angles and large fruit Can give sunburn in weak growing conditions cultivars

Pears	Pome Fruit
Cultivar	Vigor (% of standard)	Characteristics	Utilization of Rootstock	General comments
**BP3	100%	Precocious and high production	Wide adaptation Good on low potential soils Cold and warm areas	Tolerant to apple stem grooving and apple clorotic leaf spot viruses. Recommended for less vigorous and red cultivars
**BP1	60 80%	Precocious and high production	Medium to high potential soils and colder areas	Tolerant to apple stem grooving and apple clorotic leaf spot viruses. Recommended for vigorous and bi-color cultivars Require spur Pruning in hot climates
Quince A	50 - 60%	Very precocious and high production	Medium to high potential soils	Recommended for vigorous and bi-colour cultivars. Only compatible with Beurre Hardy and Comice. Needs an interstem for other cultivars
Quince C51	40 - 60%	Very precocious and high	High potential soils	Compatibility like Quince A. Recommended for production vigorous and bi-colour cultivars.

	Stone Fruit
Rootstock	Compatibility	Growth	Fertility	Recommended Soil Types	Characteristics
GF 677 Clonal	Peaches Nectarines Plums Almonds	More vigorous than Kakamas seedling	Much more fertile than Kakamas seedling	For good drained lime free grounds with high soil pH up to 7.8 (KCL). Also for light drained sand soils.	Suitable for Limy soils. More susceptible for wetness than Kakamas seedling. Forms no suckers. More sensitive for wetness than Kakamas seedling. Sensitive for nematode. Open to cronegal. Roots difficult.
SAPO 778 Clonal	Peaches Nectarines plums	Vigorous. In most ways the same as Kakamas seedling	Much more fertile than Kakamas seedling	For all soils with pH lower than 6.0 (KCL). Survive better in wet grounds than Kakamas seedling	Induce bigger fruit than Kakamas seedling. Not compatible for apricots. Sensitive for lime free grounds. Less sensitive for nematode than GF 677.
Viking Clonal	Peaches Nectarines Plums	Vigor the same as SAPO 778	Higher than Kakamas seedling	For high and low pH soils. Survive better in wet soils than the Kakamas seedling. Much higher production in lime free soils than Kakamas seedling	Released. Rooting easier than SAPO 778. Nematode resistance is being tested.
Kakamas seedling	Peaches Nectarines Plums Almonds	Vigorous	Fertile, but much less so than GF 677 and SAPO 778	For all good drained soils	Every rootstock differs in genetics because of the seedling effect. Sensitive for nematode, lime free and open to cronegal.
Flordaguard Clonal	Peaches Nectarines Plums possibly Apricots	Vigorous	Much more fertile than Kakamas seedling as recommended for soil type.	For good drained soils	Released. Roots easier than Nemared. Resistant to root-knot nematode Red leave rootstock sensitive for wet soils.
Apricot seedling	Apricots	Very vigorous	Fertile	For all good drained soils	Sensitive to wet soils. Does well in Klein-Karoo scale soils.

Vines

101-14	It performs well on a wider soil spectrum than Richter 110 and the soils on which it is used may be relatively shallower. 101-14 can be used on shale and granite-like structured soil and shallow, wet soils. Resistance to wet conditions : very good. Poor resistance to lime.
143 B	This rootstock which is well adapted to heavy, wet pot-clay soils that are shallow and have poor internal drainage buds exceptionally early. Growth arrestment in Sultanina is much less common if it is grafted on 143 B. Vigour: very good to exceptional.
Paulsen	This roostock is reccomended on relatively deep, well drained soils (60-90cm) that have good moisture-holding properties. Outside Italy, where Paulsen is widely planted, it also enjoys great popularity in North Africa and Southern France which climatologically resemble South Africa. Wet resistance : very good if phytophthora is absent. Drought resistance : very good to excellent. Lime resistance : Fairly good. Better than Richter 110, but poorer than Ruggeri. Phylloxera resistance : very good to excellent.
Ramsey	The rootstock is recommended on relatively deep sandy soils under irrigation, particularly where nematodes are present. Due to excessive vegetative growth, the rootstock is not recommended on deep, fertile siols under irrigation since these lead to poor fruit-set and sterile winter buds. In most cases large training systems must be provided if Ramsey is used as rootstock.
Richter 110	This rootstock is recommended on the same wide-spectrum soils as Richter99, while it is preferred on drier, medium-depth (40-60cm) soils. Richter 110 is increasing in populrity at the cost of Richter 99 in wine countries around the Mediterranean. This is attributed to better drought resistance.
Richter 99	The rootstock is especially recommended for relatively deep soils (60-90cm) that are well drained and have good moisture-holding properties. Red and yellow structureless soils (Hutton, Clovelly) and dark-coloured soils (Oakleaf) as well as shale and granite soils (Glenrosa, Swartland, Sterkspruit) where drainage is not a problem, appear to be the most suitable for Richter99, the latter performs very well under South African conditions and is therefore very popular.